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Gentoo distribucija Linux, ki ji ni para, meta-distribucija https://www.telstar.si/viewtopic.php?f=75&t=3149 |
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Avtor: | babylon9 [ Če Dec 23, 2004 22:35 ] |
Naslov prispevka: | Gentoo distribucija Linux, ki ji ni para, meta-distribucija |
Gentoo distribucija Linux, ki ji ni para, meta-distribucija Pa se podajmo na naso pot spoznati Gentoo - od samega zacetka do konca .. Instalacijo se lotimo iz CD-ja: S kopiraj si ISO-Image, zapeci ga na CD in zbudi ga iz CD-je, nato zazeni SSH-Daemon: /etc/init.d/sshd start passwd root Nalozimo Slovensko Tipkovnico: cd /usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwertz loadkeys SI Loading ./slovene.map.gz Prikazi nalozene module: lsmod Module Size Used by Tainted: GF e1000 46956 1 aic79xx 159088 0 (unused) floppy 47804 0 (autoclean) serial 51588 0 (autoclean) isa-pnp 28420 0 (autoclean) [serial] cloop 5616 1 usb-storage 56096 0 (unused) hid 12500 0 (unused) uhci 24320 0 (unused) usbcore 58176 1 [usb-storage hid uhci] Disk konfiguracija fdisk /dev/sda fdisk /dev/sdb Narediti moramo tako particijo, da jo zbudimo. Napisi 'a' da vkljucis opcijo da zbudi disk to particijo. Ce pritisnes p se enkrat bos videl * pri "Boot" stolpcu. Da shranis particijo in odides iz fdisk napisi 'w'. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 36.7 GB, 36703934464 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4462 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 200 1606468+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 201 1024 6618780 82 Linux swap /dev/sda3 1025 4462 27615735 83 Linux Naredi EXT3 Datotecni Sistem: mke2fs -j /dev/sda1 mke2fs -j /dev/sda3 mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1 e2label /dev/sda1 /boot e2label /dev/sda3 / e2label /dev/sdb1 /home tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 tune2fs -l /dev/sda3 tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1 Aktiviraj Swap Particije mkswap /dev/sda2 swapon /dev/sda2 Mount Particije s: mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/gentoo mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot mkdir /mnt/gentoo/proc mount -t proc none /mnt/gentoo/proc mkdir /mnt/gentoo/home mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/gentoo/home Uporabi stopnjo 3 iz LiveCD cd /mnt/gentoo ls /mnt/cdrom/stages tar -xvjpf /mnt/cdrom/stages/stage3-i686-20040218.tar.bz2 1>/mnt/gentoo/home/stage3-i686-20040218.log 2>&1 Instaliraj Portage Snapshot in Kodo iz LiveCD 1 ls /mnt/cdrom/snapshots cd /mnt/gentoo tar -xvjf /mnt/cdrom/snapshots/portage-20040223.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/gentoo/usr 1>/mnt/gentoo/home/portage-20040223.log 2>&1 mkdir /mnt/gentoo/usr/portage/distfiles cp /mnt/cdrom/distfiles/* /mnt/gentoo/usr/portage/distfiles/ Konfiguriraj Prevedi Opcije Da optimiziras Gentoo, lahko nastavis nekaj spremenljivk, ki vplivajo na Portage obnasenje, nastavijo se kot okoljske spremenljivke (z uporabo export) toda to ni permanentno. Da ohranis nastavitve, Portage omogoca rabo /etc/make.conf, konfiguracijsko datoteko za Portage. To datoteko editiras. nano -w /mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf USE="apache2 berkdb -canna -cdr -cjk -bonobo -dvd -dvdr readline imap java qt kde ldap maildir ssl mbox mysql pam perl sasl zlib X -arts -nas -esd -arts -gtk -gnome -alsa" CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" Chrooting cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf Chrooting je narejeno v treh korakih. Prvic spremenimo root, koren iz / (na instalacijskem mediju) na /mnt/gentoo (na tvoji particiji) z uporabo chroot. Potem kreiramo novo okolje z uporabo env-update, ki omogoci kreiranje okoljskih spremenljivk. Koncno, nalozimo te spremenljivke v spomin s pomocjo kode. chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash env-update source /etc/profile Konfiguracija Jedra - Kernel cd /etc ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Ljubljana /etc/localtime cd /usr/src emerge vanilla-sources 1>/home/emerge-vanilla-sources.log 2>&1 emerge genkernel 1>/home/emerge-genkernel.log 2>&1 genkernel --menuconfig --mrproper --clean --bootsplash --install --kernel-config=/boot/kernel-config-akadia-2.4.25 all Any changes you make will be saved in /etc/kernels/config-2.4.25 Logfile: /var/log/genkernel.log Hotplug Ne uporabi, ne rabimo ga. Instalacija dodatnih modulov (e1000 za Intel OnBoard LAN Interface - naprave) emerge e1000 1>/home/emerge-e1000.log 2>&1 find /lib/modules/2.4.22/ -type f -iname '*.o' -or -iname '*.ko' cd /etc/modules.autoload.d nano -w kernel-2.4 e1000 (Add e1000 to the file for autoloading) Sistemske datotecne informacije cd /etc cp fstab fstab.orig nano -w /etc/fstab LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 LABEL=/home /home ext3 defaults 1 3 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 none /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 /dev/sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,owner,ro 0 0 /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy auto noauto,owner 0 0 Hostname, Domainname echo grizli1 > /etc/hostname echo grizli > /etc/dnsdomainname Omrezje nano -w /etc/conf.d/net rc-update add net.eth0 default Slovenska Tipkovnica nano -w /etc/rc.conf KEYMAP="sg-latin2" Bootloader emerge --usepkg grub 1>/home/emerge-grub.log 2>&1 grub Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time. grub> root (hd0,0) grub> setup (hd0) grub> quit cd /boot/grub nano -w /boot/grub/grub.conf default 0 timeout 5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz title=Gentoo Linux 2.4.25 root (hd0,0) kernel /kernel-2.4.25 root=/dev/sda3 initrd /initrd-2.4.25 Sistemska Orodja emerge sysklogd 1>/home/emerge-sysklogd.log 2>&1 rc-update add sysklogd default emerge vcron 1>/home/emerge-vcron.log 2>&1 rc-update add vcron default Ponovni zagon! Instaliraj prevedene pakete iz CD-ROM 2 Drugi CD vsebuje le ze prevedene pakete, ki so lahko uporabljeni za instalacijo software po uspesni Gentoo Instalaciji. Da instaliras Gentoo potrebujes CD-1, toda ce zelis imeti OpenOffice.org, Mozilla, KDE, GNOME brez kompajlana vsakega posebej potrebujese CD-2 tudi. mount /mnt/cdrom cd /mnt/cdrom/All cp * /usr/portage/packages/All Kopiraj datoteko moji_instalirani_paketi na /root Datoteka: moji_instalirani_paketi so: a2ps-4.13b-r5.tbz2 a52dec-0.7.4.tbz2 acme-2.4.2-r1.tbz2 apel-1.26.tbz2 apmd-3.0.2-r3.tbz2 arts-1.2.0.tbz2 aspell-0.50.3.tbz2 aspell-en-0.51.0.tbz2 atk-1.4.1.tbz2 audiofile-0.2.5.tbz2 aumix-2.8.tbz2 blackdown-jdk-1.4.1.tbz2 bug-buddy-2.4.2.tbz2 cc-mode-1.32.tbz2 cdparanoia-3.9.8.tbz2 cdrtools-2.01_alpha25.tbz2 chkrootkit-0.41-r1.tbz2 chpax-0.6.1.tbz2 control-center-2.4.0.tbz2 cookie-1.14.tbz2 cryptplug-0.3.15.tbz2 ctags-5.5-r1.tbz2 cups-1.1.20.tbz2 curl-7.10.8-r1.tbz2 cvs-1.11.11.tbz2 dante-1.1.14-r2.tbz2 db-1.85-r1.tbz2 DBD-mysql-2.1027.tbz2 dbh-1.0.15.tbz2 DBI-1.37.tbz2 dialog-0.9_beta20031002.tbz2 DirectFB-0.9.20.tbz2 dired-1.13.tbz2 divx4linux-20030428-r1.tbz2 docbook-dsssl-stylesheets-1.77-r2.tbz2 docbook-sgml-dtd-3.0-r1.tbz2 docbook-sgml-dtd-3.1-r1.tbz2 docbook-sgml-dtd-4.0-r1.tbz2 docbook-sgml-dtd-4.1-r1.tbz2 docbook-sgml-utils-0.6.12.tbz2 docbook-xml-dtd-4.1.2-r4.tbz2 docbook-xml-dtd-4.2.tbz2 docbook-xml-simple-dtd-4.1.2.4.tbz2 docbook-xsl-stylesheets-1.62.4.tbz2 ecrypto-0.12.tbz2 edebug-1.15.tbz2 ediff-1.46.tbz2 edit-utils-1.98.tbz2 eel-2.4.2.tbz2 efs-1.29.tbz2 eject-2.0.13.tbz2 elib-1.10.tbz2 emacs-21.3-r2.tbz2 emerge-1.09.tbz2 enchant-1.1.2.tbz2 enlightenment-0.16.6.tbz2 eog-2.4.1.tbz2 epiphany-1.0.7.tbz2 eterm-1.13.tbz2 ettercap-0.6.10-r1.tbz2 evolution-1.4.5.tbz2 fam-2.7.0.tbz2 file-roller-2.4.4-r2.tbz2 flac-1.1.0.tbz2 fluxbox-0.9.8.tbz2 fnlib-0.5-r1.tbz2 fontconfig-2.2.1.tbz2 freetype-1.3.1-r3.tbz2 freetype-2.1.5.tbz2 fribidi-0.10.4.tbz2 fsf-compat-1.12.tbz2 gail-1.4.1.tbz2 gaim-0.75-r8.tbz2 gaim-encryption-2.21.tbz2 gal-1.99.10.tbz2 gcalctool-4.3.16.tbz2 gconf-2.4.0.1.tbz2 gconf-editor-2.4.0.tbz2 gdb-6.0.tbz2 gdbm-1.8.0-r5.tbz2 gdk-pixbuf-0.22.0.tbz2 gdm-2.4.1.7-r1.tbz2 gedit-2.4.1.tbz2 ggv-2.4.1.tbz2 ghostscript-7.07.1-r1.tbz2 giflib-4.1.0-r3.tbz2 glib-2.2.3.tbz2 glut-3.7.1.tbz2 gnome-2.4.2.tbz2 gnome2-user-docs-2.4.1.tbz2 gnome-applets-2.4.2.tbz2 gnome-cups-manager-0.17.tbz2 gnome-desktop-2.4.1.1.tbz2 gnome-games-2.4.2.tbz2 gnome-icon-theme-1.0.9.tbz2 gnome-libs-1.4.2.tbz2 gnome-media-2.4.1.1.tbz2 gnome-mime-data-2.4.1.tbz2 gnome-panel-2.4.2.tbz2 gnome-session-2.4.2.tbz2 gnome-spell-1.0.5.tbz2 gnome-system-monitor-2.4.0.tbz2 gnome-terminal-2.4.2.tbz2 gnome-themes-2.4.1.tbz2 gnome-utils-2.4.1.tbz2 gnome-vfs-2.4.2-r1.tbz2 gnupg-1.2.4.tbz2 gnus-1.65.tbz2 gpdf-0.112.tbz2 gperf-2.7.2.tbz2 gpgme-0.3.14.tbz2 gpm-1.20.1.tbz2 gradm-1.9.13.tbz2 gst-plugins-0.6.4.tbz2 gst-plugins-gnomevfs-0.6.4.tbz2 gst-plugins-libpng-0.6.4.tbz2 gst-plugins-mad-0.6.4.tbz2 gst-plugins-oss-0.6.4.tbz2 gst-plugins-vorbis-0.6.4.tbz2 gstreamer-0.6.4.tbz2 gtk+-1.2.10-r10.tbz2 gtk+-2.2.4-r1.tbz2 gtk-engines-2.2.0.tbz2 gtk-engines-thinice-2.0.2-r1.tbz2 gtk-engines-xfce-2.1.6.tbz2 gtkglarea-1.99.0.tbz2 gtksourceview-0.7.0-r1.tbz2 gtkspell-2.0.4-r1.tbz2 gucharmap-1.2.0.tbz2 hotplug-20040105.tbz2 id3lib-3.8.3-r1.tbz2 ilisp-1.29.tbz2 imlib-1.9.14-r1.tbz2 indent-2.2.9.tbz2 intltool-0.30.tbz2 java-config-1.2.6.tbz2 jpeg-6b-r3.tbz2 kde-3.2.0.tbz2 kdeaccessibility-3.2.0.tbz2 kdeaddons-3.2.0.tbz2 kdeadmin-3.2.0.tbz2 kdeartwork-3.2.0.tbz2 kdebase-3.2.0.tbz2 kdeedu-3.2.0.tbz2 kde-env-3-r2.tbz2 kdegames-3.2.0.tbz2 kdegraphics-3.2.0.tbz2 kdelibs-3.2.0.tbz2 kdemultimedia-3.2.0.tbz2 kdenetwork-3.2.0.tbz2 kdepim-3.2.0-r2.tbz2 kdetoys-3.2.0.tbz2 kdeutils-3.2.0.tbz2 lame-3.93.1-r1.tbz2 lcms-1.12.tbz2 libao-0.8.3-r1.tbz2 libart_lgpl-2.3.16.tbz2 libbonobo-2.4.3.tbz2 libbonoboui-2.4.3.tbz2 lib-compat-1.3.tbz2 libexif-0.5.12-r1.tbz2 libfame-0.9.0.tbz2 libghttp-1.0.9-r3.tbz2 libglade-2.0.1.tbz2 libgnome-2.4.0.tbz2 libgnomecanvas-2.4.0.tbz2 libgnomecups-0.1.6.tbz2 libgnomeprint-2.4.2.tbz2 libgnomeprintui-2.4.2.tbz2 libgnomeui-2.4.0.1.tbz2 libgsf-1.8.2.tbz2 libgtkhtml-2.4.1.tbz2 libgtkhtml-3.0.9.tbz2 libgtop-2.0.8.tbz2 libid3tag-0.15.0b.tbz2 libIDL-0.8.2.tbz2 libmad-0.15.0b-r1.tbz2 libmikmod-3.1.10-r1.tbz2 libmng-1.0.4.tbz2 libmpeg3-1.5.2.tbz2 libogg-1.0.tbz2 libpcap-0.7.2-r1.tbz2 libpcre-4.2-r1.tbz2 libpng-1.2.5-r4.tbz2 librsvg-2.4.0-r1.tbz2 libsdl-1.2.6-r3.tbz2 libsoup-1.99.26-r1.tbz2 libungif-4.1.0.1b.tbz2 libvorbis-1.0.1-r2.tbz2 libwmf-0.2.8.2.tbz2 libwnck-2.4.0.1-r1.tbz2 libwww-5.4.0-r2.tbz2 libxfce4mcs-4.0.1.tbz2 libxfce4util-4.0.1.tbz2 libxfcegui4-4.0.1.tbz2 libxml2-2.6.4.tbz2 libxslt-1.1.2.tbz2 lynx-2.8.4.1d-r1.tbz2 lzo-1.08.tbz2 mad-0.15.0b.tbz2 madplay-0.15.0b-r1.tbz2 mailbase-0.00-r5.tbz2 mailcrypt-2.12.tbz2 mail-lib-1.56.tbz2 metacity-2.6.3.tbz2 mh-e-1.17.tbz2 minicom-2.00.0.tbz2 mozilla-1.6.tbz2 mozilla-firefox-0.8.tbz2 mpg123-0.59s-r2.tbz2 musicbrainz-2.0.1.tbz2 mysql-4.0.16.tbz2 nasm-0.98.38.tbz2 nautilus-2.4.2.tbz2 nautilus-cd-burner-0.6.1.tbz2 nautilus-media-0.3.3.1.tbz2 netcat-110-r4.tbz2 Net-Daemon-0.37.tbz2 newt-0.50.35-r2.tbz2 nmap-3.50-r1.tbz2 nspr-4.4.1.tbz2 nss-3.8.tbz2 openbox-3.0-r1.tbz2 opengl-update-1.5.tbz2 openjade-1.3.2-r1.tbz2 openldap-2.1.26.tbz2 openmotif-2.1.30-r4.tbz2 openoffice-1.1.0-r2.tbz2 opensp-1.5-r1.tbz2 ORBit-0.5.17.tbz2 ORBit2-2.8.3.tbz2 pango-1.2.5-r1.tbz2 parted-1.6.6.tbz2 partimage-0.6.2.tbz2 pciutils-2.1.11.tbz2 pcl-cvs-1.64.tbz2 pkgconfig-0.15.0.tbz2 PlRPC-0.2016-r1.tbz2 portmap-5b-r8.tbz2 prog-modes-1.72.tbz2 progsreiserfs-0.3.0.4.tbz2 psutils-1.17.tbz2 pygtk-2.0.0.tbz2 pyxml-0.8.2.tbz2 qt-3.3.0-r1.tbz2 rdate-990821-r1.tbz2 rmail-1.13.tbz2 rpm2targz-9.0-r2.tbz2 ruby-1.8.0-r1.tbz2 samba-2.2.8a.tbz2 scrollkeeper-0.3.14.tbz2 sgml-common-0.6.3-r3.tbz2 SGMLSpm-1.03-r4.tbz2 shared-mime-info-0.12.tbz2 sh-script-1.17.tbz2 slang-1.4.9.tbz2 speedbar-1.26.tbz2 ssmtp-2.48.tbz2 startup-notification-0.5.tbz2 Storable-2.07-r1.tbz2 sylpheed-0.9.4.tbz2 t1lib-5.0.0-r2.tbz2 taglib-1.0.tbz2 tcl-8.3.4.tbz2 tcpdump-3.7.2.tbz2 tcsh-6.12-r3.tbz2 tetex-2.0.2-r3.tbz2 tiff-3.5.7-r1.tbz2 tk-8.3.4-r1.tbz2 tm-1.35.tbz2 tsocks-1.8_beta4.tbz2 ttmkfdir-3.0.9.tbz2 unzip-5.50-r2.tbz2 vc-1.35.tbz2 vim-6.2-r5.tbz2 vim-core-6.2-r5.tbz2 vm-7.07.tbz2 vorbis-tools-1.0-r2.tbz2 vte-0.11.10.tbz2 w3-1.28.tbz2 whois-4.6.6-r2.tbz2 win32codecs-0.90.1-r2.tbz2 wv-1.0.0.tbz2 xanim-2.80.1-r4.tbz2 xcdroast-0.98_alpha15-r3.tbz2 xchat-2.0.6-r1.tbz2 xemacs-21.4.12.tbz2 xemacs-base-1.75.tbz2 xemacs-devel-1.50.tbz2 xemacs-ispell-1.24.tbz2 xfce4-4.0.1.tbz2 xfce4-base-4.0.1.tbz2 xfce4-battery-0.2.0.tbz2 xfce4-iconbox-4.0.1.tbz2 xfce4-minicmd-0.2.0.tbz2 xfce4-mixer-4.0.1.tbz2 xfce4-netload-0.2.2.tbz2 xfce4-panel-4.0.1.tbz2 xfce4-showdesktop-0.2.0.tbz2 xfce4-systemload-0.3.2.tbz2 xfce4-systray-4.0.1.tbz2 xfce4-themes-4.0.0.tbz2 xfce4-toys-4.0.1.tbz2 xfce4-trigger-launcher-4.0.1.tbz2 xfce-mcs-manager-4.0.1.tbz2 xfce-mcs-plugins-4.0.1.tbz2 xfce-utils-4.0.1.tbz2 xfdesktop-4.0.1.tbz2 xffm-4.0.1.tbz2 xffm-icons-4.0.0.tbz2 xfprint-4.0.1.tbz2 xfree-4.3.0-r5.tbz2 xfwm4-4.0.1.tbz2 xfwm4-themes-4.0.0.tbz2 xine-lib-1_rc2.tbz2 xloadimage-4.1-r1.tbz2 XML-Parser-2.31-r1.tbz2 xmms-1.2.8-r4.tbz2 xpdf-2.03.tbz2 xvid-0.9.1.tbz2 yacc-1.9.1-r1.tbz2 yelp-2.4.2.tbz2 zenity-1.8.tbz2 zip-2.3-r2.tbz2 Instalacija paketov: cd /usr/portage/packages/All for i in `cat /root/moji_instalirani_paketi.txt` do emerge --usepkg $i 1>/home/emerge-$i.log 2>&1 done env-update && source /etc/profile Dodatna orodja (ne na CD-ROM 1 ali 2) emerge ntp 1>/home/emerge-ntpd.log 2>&1 Editiraj /etc/ntp.conf, /etc/conf.d/ntpd rc-update add ntpd default emerge telnet-bsd 1>emerge-telnet 2>&1 emerge bind 1>emerge-bind.log 2>&1 emerge bind-tools 1>emerge-bind-tools.log 2>&1 emerge mailx 1>emerge-mailx.log 2>&1 emerge samba 1>emerge-samba.log 2>&1 emerge vacation 1>emerge-vacation.log 2>&1 Instaliraj X Editiraj /X11/XF86Config ! Instaliraj XFontServer Ce se odlocis za XFS (oziroma XFontServer ), sledi navodilom. Uporaba XFS je zelo priporocljiva, ker omogoci konfiguracijo fontov zelo poenostavi. rc-update add xfs default /etc/init.d/xfs start Instalacija KDE or Gnome Edit /etc/rc.conf # KDE DISPLAYMAEAGER="kdm" XSESSION="kde-3.1.3" # Gnome DISPLAYMANAGER="gdm" XSESSION="gnome" Instaliraj KDE login manager rc-update add xdm default Popravis napake od modulov sporocil mknod /dev/misc/rtc c 10 135 mknod /dev/rtc c 10 135 Uncomment some lines in /etc/modules.d/*, then execute modules-update after editing modules-update (Updates /etc/modules.conf) Apache + SSL + PHP4 emerge apache mod_php 1>emerge-apache-mod_php.log 2>&1 Edit /etc/apache2/*.conf Edit /etc/conf.d/apache2 APACHE2_OPTS="-D SSL -D PHP4" Testiras PHP4a vi /home/httpd/htdocs/test.php http://localhost/test.php Courier IMAP emerge courier-imap 1>emerge-courier-imap.log 2>&1 rc-update add courier-imapd default Omogoci SU (Switching to Superuser) Dodaj User k Group wheel v /etc/group wheel::10:root,zahn,gaechter,kse,dubuis,egli,zenger Networking Isces za potrebni Mrezni Modul ls /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/net Nalozis zeljeni modul z: modprobe e1000 Dodas staticno pot v /etc/conf.d/local.start route add -net 193.247.121.192/28 gw 192.168.138.1 eth0 route add -net 217.193.130.248/29 gw 192.168.138.5 eth0 Setup eth0 interface z IP in Gateway ifconfig eth0 192.168.138.35 broadcast 192.168.138.255 netmask 255.255.255.0 up route add default gw 192.168.138.1 Setup Host using DPCP in /etc/conf.d/net iface_eth0="dhcp" Disk labele Enkrat ko si skreiral in s formatiral particijo, priredis e2label ukaz. To dovoli particijo /etc/fstab z uporabo labele namesto uporabe poti naprave.Ce so particije katere labele ne poznas natipkas tole: /sbin/tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 | grep volume Filesystem volume name: /boot Label Particijo /sbin/e2label /dev/sda1 /boot Ko dolocis vsaki particiji labeli, dodaj particijo v /etc/fstab. LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 Filesystem Naredis takole: ext2: mke2fs /dev/sda3 ext3: mke2fs -j /dev/sda3 reiserfs: mkreiserfs /dev/sda3 Activiraj the Swap Partition: mkswap /dev/sda2 swapon /dev/sda2 USE flags Dovoli uporabniku kompletno kontrolo cez vse prednosti in podporo, ki so vgrajene v instalacijske aplikacije, ni ti treba instalirati stvari, ki jih ne rabis. In kako Gentoo doseze to? Z definiranjem USE lastnosti. Nujno te nastavitve so besede, ki definirajo opcije na sistemsko-sirokem osnovnem konfiguracijskem aplikacijami pri kompajlanju procedur. Lastnosti, ki so na voljo globalno z uporabo USE-flags ki se najdejo v /usr/portage/profiles/use.desc Doloci trajne USE-flags Defaults in: /etc/make.profile/make.defaults Setting your own USE flags in: /etc/make.conf Preveri trenutno USE Flags: emerge info USE="x86 oss apm avi crypt cups encode foomaticdb gif jpeg libg++ mad mikmod mmx mpeg ncurses nls pdflib png quicktime" ... Pogled uporabljenih USE-flags za dolocene Pakete emerge --pretend --verbose apache Calculating dependencies ...done! [ebuild R ] net-www/apache-2.0.47 +berkdb +gdbm +ldap Gentoo query paketno orodje (qpkg) qpkg je del Gentoo's Gentoolkit administracijskih skriptov. qpkg dovoli da upravljas pakete instalirane na tvojem racunalniku. Instalacija qpkg emerge gentoolkit Primeri Pokazi mi vse instalirane pakete in njihove verzije: qpkg -I -v Pokazi mi kako odstranis pakete in njihove verzije: qpkg -U -v Pokazi mi instalacijo paketov, ki pripadajo kategoriji net-misc: qpkg -I -v -g net-misc Podaj mi informacije, ki se navezujejo na dolocene pakete: qpkg -i snort Prikazi mi vse pakete, ki pripadajo tej kategoriji net-misc, zapomni se da paketi oznaceni z "*" zavrnejo instalacijo instaliranih paketov: qpkg -g net-misc Pokazi vsebino vsakega paketa: qpkg -l snort Spomni me kateri paket netstat priprada, zapomni se, da to delo moras priskrbeti celo pot datoteki , katera te zanima z netstat.: qpkg -f `which netstat` Prikazi mi dvojne pakete na racunalniku in nekaj vec informacij: qpkg -d -vv Povej mi katere pakete zavisi mysql: qpkg -q mysql Preveri mysql in ne obotavljaj se in prikazi informacije: qpkg -c -v mysqlpakete in njihove verzije: qpkg -U -v Okoljske spremenljivke V /etc/env.d Direktorij Da centriliziras definicije okoljskih spremenljivk, Gentoo je predstavil /etc/env.d direktorij. Znotraj tega direktorija bos nasel stevilo datotek kot 00basic, 05gcc, etc. ko vsebujejo potrebne spremenljivke potrebne aplikacijam, ki so bile imenovane. env-update Skripta Nekaj datotek v /etc/env.d definirajo PATH spremenljivkam. To je narobe: ko pozenes env-update, bodo dodane vecim definicijam pred obnovo okoljskim spremenljikom, pri tem bo lazje paketom (ali uporabnikom) dodas njihove svoje okoljske spremenljivke nastavitev brez vmesavanja z ze obstojecimi vrednostmi. env-update skript bo dodala vrednosti v abecednem redu v /etc/env.d datotek. Zato veliko stevilo datotek v /etc/env.d zacne s stevilom. Ko pozenes env-update, skripta bo naredila vse okoljske spremenljivke in jih zapisala v /etc/profile.env ( ki je uporabljen od /etc/profile ). Prav tako bo razpakirala informacije iz LDPATH spremenljivk in jih uporabila za kreiranje /etc/ld.so.conf. Po tem, bo pognala ldconfig da skreira /etc/ld.so.cache datoteko v dinamicnem linkanju. Ce zelis videti efekt na env-update takojsno po teku, naredi naslednji ukaz za obnovo tvojega okolja. Posodabljanje okolja env-update && source /etc/profile Resevanje konfliktnih paketov Predstavljaj si situacijo ko zelis emerge paket: emerge xfree Calculating dependencies ...done! !!! Error: the x11-libs/xft package conflicts with another package. !!! both can't be installed on the same system together. !!! Please use 'emerge --pretend' to determine blockers. Tukaj je problem: ne moremo zdruziti xfree ker je v konfliktu z xft (instaliranim) paketom. Poskusimo razresiti konflikt. emerge -p xfree These are the packages that I would merge, in order: Calculating dependencies ...done! [blocks B ] x11-libs/xft (from pkg x11-base/xfree-4.3.0-r3) [ebuild N ] x11-base/xfree-4.3.0-r3 [ebuild U ] x11-libs/xft-2.0.1-r2 [2.0.1] Kot vidis xft blokira xfree kot [blocks B ] tocko. Iz emerge man strani: will clobber each others files, or otherwise cause some form of breakage in your system. However, blockers usually do not need to be simultaneously emerged because they usua lly provide the same functionality. Da resis konflikt nadaljuj naprej: V /etc/env.d Direktorij emerge unmerge xft Ne sme biti blokiran paket... emerge -p xfree To so paketi, ki jih moram zdruziti merge, da jih: Izracunaj odvisnosti ...narejeno! [ebuild N ] x11-base/xfree-4.3.0-r3 Nato nadaljuj kot ponavadi ... emerge xfr Blokiranci so definirani ko dva paketa, ki se kregata vsak z vsakim in drugimi datotekami, ali drugace ki naredijo samo form zlomov v sistemu. Vendar, blokiranci ponavadi ne potrebujejo simultano zdruzeni ker ponavadi priskrbujejo samo funkcionalnost. Da resis konflikt nadaljuj naprej: V /etc/env.d Direktorij emerge unmerge xft Ne sme biti blokiran paket... emerge -p xfree To so paketi, ki jih moram zdruziti, merge, da jih: Izracunaj odvisnosti ...narejeno! [ebuild N ] x11-base/xfree-4.3.0-r3 Nato nadaljuj kot ponavadi ... emerge xfr Imejte obilo zabave !!! Vec informacij dobite na http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/gentoo-x86 ... nstall.xml in ne pozabite na forum support http://forums.gentoo.org/ |
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