Telstar

Gentoo distribucija Linux, ki ji ni para, meta-distribucija

Pa se podajmo na naso pot spoznati Gentoo - od samega zacetka do konca ..

Instalacijo se lotimo iz CD-ja:

S kopiraj si ISO-Image, zapeci ga na CD in zbudi ga iz CD-je, nato zazeni SSH-Daemon:
/etc/init.d/sshd start passwd root

Nalozimo Slovensko Tipkovnico:

cd /usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwertz
loadkeys SI
Loading ./slovene.map.gz

Prikazi nalozene module:

lsmod

Module Size Used by Tainted: GF
e1000 46956 1
aic79xx 159088 0 (unused)
floppy 47804 0 (autoclean)
serial 51588 0 (autoclean)
isa-pnp 28420 0 (autoclean) [serial]
cloop 5616 1
usb-storage 56096 0 (unused)
hid 12500 0 (unused)
uhci 24320 0 (unused)
usbcore 58176 1 [usb-storage hid uhci]

Disk konfiguracija

fdisk /dev/sda
fdisk /dev/sdb

Narediti moramo tako particijo, da jo zbudimo. Napisi 'a' da vkljucis opcijo da zbudi disk to particijo. Ce pritisnes p se enkrat bos videl * pri "Boot" stolpcu. Da shranis particijo in odides iz fdisk napisi 'w'.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 36.7 GB, 36703934464 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4462 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 200 1606468+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 201 1024 6618780 82 Linux swap
/dev/sda3 1025 4462 27615735 83 Linux

Naredi EXT3 Datotecni Sistem:

mke2fs -j /dev/sda1
mke2fs -j /dev/sda3
mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1
e2label /dev/sda1 /boot
e2label /dev/sda3 /
e2label /dev/sdb1 /home
tune2fs -l /dev/sda1
tune2fs -l /dev/sda3
tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1

Aktiviraj Swap Particije

mkswap /dev/sda2
swapon /dev/sda2

Mount Particije s:

mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/gentoo
mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot
mkdir /mnt/gentoo/proc
mount -t proc none /mnt/gentoo/proc
mkdir /mnt/gentoo/home
mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/gentoo/home

Uporabi stopnjo 3 iz LiveCD

cd /mnt/gentoo
ls /mnt/cdrom/stages
tar -xvjpf /mnt/cdrom/stages/stage3-i686-20040218.tar.bz2 1>/mnt/gentoo/home/stage3-i686-20040218.log 2>&1

Instaliraj Portage Snapshot in Kodo iz LiveCD 1

ls /mnt/cdrom/snapshots
cd /mnt/gentoo
tar -xvjf /mnt/cdrom/snapshots/portage-20040223.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/gentoo/usr 1>/mnt/gentoo/home/portage-20040223.log 2>&1

mkdir /mnt/gentoo/usr/portage/distfiles
cp /mnt/cdrom/distfiles/* /mnt/gentoo/usr/portage/distfiles/

Konfiguriraj Prevedi Opcije

Da optimiziras Gentoo, lahko nastavis nekaj spremenljivk, ki vplivajo na Portage obnasenje, nastavijo se kot okoljske spremenljivke (z uporabo export) toda to ni permanentno. Da ohranis nastavitve, Portage omogoca rabo /etc/make.conf, konfiguracijsko datoteko za Portage. To datoteko editiras.

nano -w /mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf

USE="apache2 berkdb -canna -cdr -cjk -bonobo -dvd -dvdr readline imap java qt kde ldap maildir ssl mbox mysql pam perl sasl zlib X -arts -nas -esd -arts -gtk -gnome -alsa"

CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"

Chrooting

cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf

Chrooting je narejeno v treh korakih. Prvic spremenimo root, koren iz / (na instalacijskem mediju) na /mnt/gentoo (na tvoji particiji) z uporabo chroot. Potem kreiramo novo okolje z uporabo env-update, ki omogoci kreiranje okoljskih spremenljivk. Koncno, nalozimo te spremenljivke v spomin s pomocjo kode.

chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
env-update
source /etc/profile

Konfiguracija Jedra - Kernel

cd /etc
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Ljubljana /etc/localtime

cd /usr/src
emerge vanilla-sources 1>/home/emerge-vanilla-sources.log 2>&1
emerge genkernel 1>/home/emerge-genkernel.log 2>&1

genkernel --menuconfig --mrproper --clean --bootsplash --install --kernel-config=/boot/kernel-config-akadia-2.4.25 all

Any changes you make will be saved in /etc/kernels/config-2.4.25
Logfile: /var/log/genkernel.log

Hotplug

Ne uporabi, ne rabimo ga.

Instalacija dodatnih modulov (e1000 za Intel OnBoard LAN Interface - naprave)

emerge e1000 1>/home/emerge-e1000.log 2>&1
find /lib/modules/2.4.22/ -type f -iname '*.o' -or -iname '*.ko'
cd /etc/modules.autoload.d
nano -w kernel-2.4
e1000 (Add e1000 to the file for autoloading)

Sistemske datotecne informacije

cd /etc
cp fstab fstab.orig
nano -w /etc/fstab

LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
LABEL=/home /home ext3 defaults 1 3
none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
none /proc proc defaults 0 0
none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,owner,ro 0 0
/dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy auto noauto,owner 0 0

Hostname, Domainname

echo grizli1 > /etc/hostname
echo grizli > /etc/dnsdomainname

Omrezje

nano -w /etc/conf.d/net
rc-update add net.eth0 default

Slovenska Tipkovnica

nano -w /etc/rc.conf
KEYMAP="sg-latin2"

Bootloader

emerge --usepkg grub 1>/home/emerge-grub.log 2>&1
grub

Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.

grub> root (hd0,0)
grub> setup (hd0)
grub> quit

cd /boot/grub
nano -w /boot/grub/grub.conf

default 0
timeout 5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz

title=Gentoo Linux 2.4.25
root (hd0,0)
kernel /kernel-2.4.25 root=/dev/sda3
initrd /initrd-2.4.25

Sistemska Orodja

emerge sysklogd 1>/home/emerge-sysklogd.log 2>&1
rc-update add sysklogd default

emerge vcron 1>/home/emerge-vcron.log 2>&1
rc-update add vcron default

Ponovni zagon!

Instaliraj prevedene pakete iz CD-ROM 2

Drugi CD vsebuje le ze prevedene pakete, ki so lahko uporabljeni za instalacijo software po uspesni Gentoo Instalaciji. Da instaliras Gentoo potrebujes CD-1, toda ce zelis imeti OpenOffice.org, Mozilla, KDE, GNOME brez kompajlana vsakega posebej potrebujese CD-2 tudi.

mount /mnt/cdrom
cd /mnt/cdrom/All
cp * /usr/portage/packages/All

Kopiraj datoteko moji_instalirani_paketi na /root

Datoteka: moji_instalirani_paketi so:

a2ps-4.13b-r5.tbz2
a52dec-0.7.4.tbz2
acme-2.4.2-r1.tbz2
apel-1.26.tbz2
apmd-3.0.2-r3.tbz2
arts-1.2.0.tbz2
aspell-0.50.3.tbz2
aspell-en-0.51.0.tbz2
atk-1.4.1.tbz2
audiofile-0.2.5.tbz2
aumix-2.8.tbz2
blackdown-jdk-1.4.1.tbz2
bug-buddy-2.4.2.tbz2
cc-mode-1.32.tbz2
cdparanoia-3.9.8.tbz2
cdrtools-2.01_alpha25.tbz2
chkrootkit-0.41-r1.tbz2
chpax-0.6.1.tbz2
control-center-2.4.0.tbz2
cookie-1.14.tbz2
cryptplug-0.3.15.tbz2
ctags-5.5-r1.tbz2
cups-1.1.20.tbz2
curl-7.10.8-r1.tbz2
cvs-1.11.11.tbz2
dante-1.1.14-r2.tbz2
db-1.85-r1.tbz2
DBD-mysql-2.1027.tbz2
dbh-1.0.15.tbz2
DBI-1.37.tbz2
dialog-0.9_beta20031002.tbz2
DirectFB-0.9.20.tbz2
dired-1.13.tbz2
divx4linux-20030428-r1.tbz2
docbook-dsssl-stylesheets-1.77-r2.tbz2
docbook-sgml-dtd-3.0-r1.tbz2
docbook-sgml-dtd-3.1-r1.tbz2
docbook-sgml-dtd-4.0-r1.tbz2
docbook-sgml-dtd-4.1-r1.tbz2
docbook-sgml-utils-0.6.12.tbz2
docbook-xml-dtd-4.1.2-r4.tbz2
docbook-xml-dtd-4.2.tbz2
docbook-xml-simple-dtd-4.1.2.4.tbz2
docbook-xsl-stylesheets-1.62.4.tbz2
ecrypto-0.12.tbz2
edebug-1.15.tbz2
ediff-1.46.tbz2
edit-utils-1.98.tbz2
eel-2.4.2.tbz2
efs-1.29.tbz2
eject-2.0.13.tbz2
elib-1.10.tbz2
emacs-21.3-r2.tbz2
emerge-1.09.tbz2
enchant-1.1.2.tbz2
enlightenment-0.16.6.tbz2
eog-2.4.1.tbz2
epiphany-1.0.7.tbz2
eterm-1.13.tbz2
ettercap-0.6.10-r1.tbz2
evolution-1.4.5.tbz2
fam-2.7.0.tbz2
file-roller-2.4.4-r2.tbz2
flac-1.1.0.tbz2
fluxbox-0.9.8.tbz2
fnlib-0.5-r1.tbz2
fontconfig-2.2.1.tbz2
freetype-1.3.1-r3.tbz2
freetype-2.1.5.tbz2
fribidi-0.10.4.tbz2
fsf-compat-1.12.tbz2
gail-1.4.1.tbz2
gaim-0.75-r8.tbz2
gaim-encryption-2.21.tbz2
gal-1.99.10.tbz2
gcalctool-4.3.16.tbz2
gconf-2.4.0.1.tbz2
gconf-editor-2.4.0.tbz2
gdb-6.0.tbz2
gdbm-1.8.0-r5.tbz2
gdk-pixbuf-0.22.0.tbz2
gdm-2.4.1.7-r1.tbz2
gedit-2.4.1.tbz2
ggv-2.4.1.tbz2
ghostscript-7.07.1-r1.tbz2
giflib-4.1.0-r3.tbz2
glib-2.2.3.tbz2
glut-3.7.1.tbz2
gnome-2.4.2.tbz2
gnome2-user-docs-2.4.1.tbz2
gnome-applets-2.4.2.tbz2
gnome-cups-manager-0.17.tbz2
gnome-desktop-2.4.1.1.tbz2
gnome-games-2.4.2.tbz2
gnome-icon-theme-1.0.9.tbz2
gnome-libs-1.4.2.tbz2
gnome-media-2.4.1.1.tbz2
gnome-mime-data-2.4.1.tbz2
gnome-panel-2.4.2.tbz2
gnome-session-2.4.2.tbz2
gnome-spell-1.0.5.tbz2
gnome-system-monitor-2.4.0.tbz2
gnome-terminal-2.4.2.tbz2
gnome-themes-2.4.1.tbz2
gnome-utils-2.4.1.tbz2
gnome-vfs-2.4.2-r1.tbz2
gnupg-1.2.4.tbz2
gnus-1.65.tbz2
gpdf-0.112.tbz2
gperf-2.7.2.tbz2
gpgme-0.3.14.tbz2
gpm-1.20.1.tbz2
gradm-1.9.13.tbz2
gst-plugins-0.6.4.tbz2
gst-plugins-gnomevfs-0.6.4.tbz2
gst-plugins-libpng-0.6.4.tbz2
gst-plugins-mad-0.6.4.tbz2
gst-plugins-oss-0.6.4.tbz2
gst-plugins-vorbis-0.6.4.tbz2
gstreamer-0.6.4.tbz2
gtk+-1.2.10-r10.tbz2
gtk+-2.2.4-r1.tbz2
gtk-engines-2.2.0.tbz2
gtk-engines-thinice-2.0.2-r1.tbz2
gtk-engines-xfce-2.1.6.tbz2
gtkglarea-1.99.0.tbz2
gtksourceview-0.7.0-r1.tbz2
gtkspell-2.0.4-r1.tbz2
gucharmap-1.2.0.tbz2
hotplug-20040105.tbz2
id3lib-3.8.3-r1.tbz2
ilisp-1.29.tbz2
imlib-1.9.14-r1.tbz2
indent-2.2.9.tbz2
intltool-0.30.tbz2
java-config-1.2.6.tbz2
jpeg-6b-r3.tbz2
kde-3.2.0.tbz2
kdeaccessibility-3.2.0.tbz2
kdeaddons-3.2.0.tbz2
kdeadmin-3.2.0.tbz2
kdeartwork-3.2.0.tbz2
kdebase-3.2.0.tbz2
kdeedu-3.2.0.tbz2
kde-env-3-r2.tbz2
kdegames-3.2.0.tbz2
kdegraphics-3.2.0.tbz2
kdelibs-3.2.0.tbz2
kdemultimedia-3.2.0.tbz2
kdenetwork-3.2.0.tbz2
kdepim-3.2.0-r2.tbz2
kdetoys-3.2.0.tbz2
kdeutils-3.2.0.tbz2
lame-3.93.1-r1.tbz2
lcms-1.12.tbz2
libao-0.8.3-r1.tbz2
libart_lgpl-2.3.16.tbz2
libbonobo-2.4.3.tbz2
libbonoboui-2.4.3.tbz2
lib-compat-1.3.tbz2
libexif-0.5.12-r1.tbz2
libfame-0.9.0.tbz2
libghttp-1.0.9-r3.tbz2
libglade-2.0.1.tbz2
libgnome-2.4.0.tbz2
libgnomecanvas-2.4.0.tbz2
libgnomecups-0.1.6.tbz2
libgnomeprint-2.4.2.tbz2
libgnomeprintui-2.4.2.tbz2
libgnomeui-2.4.0.1.tbz2
libgsf-1.8.2.tbz2
libgtkhtml-2.4.1.tbz2
libgtkhtml-3.0.9.tbz2
libgtop-2.0.8.tbz2
libid3tag-0.15.0b.tbz2
libIDL-0.8.2.tbz2
libmad-0.15.0b-r1.tbz2
libmikmod-3.1.10-r1.tbz2
libmng-1.0.4.tbz2
libmpeg3-1.5.2.tbz2
libogg-1.0.tbz2
libpcap-0.7.2-r1.tbz2
libpcre-4.2-r1.tbz2
libpng-1.2.5-r4.tbz2
librsvg-2.4.0-r1.tbz2
libsdl-1.2.6-r3.tbz2
libsoup-1.99.26-r1.tbz2
libungif-4.1.0.1b.tbz2
libvorbis-1.0.1-r2.tbz2
libwmf-0.2.8.2.tbz2
libwnck-2.4.0.1-r1.tbz2
libwww-5.4.0-r2.tbz2
libxfce4mcs-4.0.1.tbz2
libxfce4util-4.0.1.tbz2
libxfcegui4-4.0.1.tbz2
libxml2-2.6.4.tbz2
libxslt-1.1.2.tbz2
lynx-2.8.4.1d-r1.tbz2
lzo-1.08.tbz2
mad-0.15.0b.tbz2
madplay-0.15.0b-r1.tbz2
mailbase-0.00-r5.tbz2
mailcrypt-2.12.tbz2
mail-lib-1.56.tbz2
metacity-2.6.3.tbz2
mh-e-1.17.tbz2
minicom-2.00.0.tbz2
mozilla-1.6.tbz2
mozilla-firefox-0.8.tbz2
mpg123-0.59s-r2.tbz2
musicbrainz-2.0.1.tbz2
mysql-4.0.16.tbz2
nasm-0.98.38.tbz2
nautilus-2.4.2.tbz2
nautilus-cd-burner-0.6.1.tbz2
nautilus-media-0.3.3.1.tbz2
netcat-110-r4.tbz2
Net-Daemon-0.37.tbz2
newt-0.50.35-r2.tbz2
nmap-3.50-r1.tbz2
nspr-4.4.1.tbz2
nss-3.8.tbz2
openbox-3.0-r1.tbz2
opengl-update-1.5.tbz2
openjade-1.3.2-r1.tbz2
openldap-2.1.26.tbz2
openmotif-2.1.30-r4.tbz2
openoffice-1.1.0-r2.tbz2
opensp-1.5-r1.tbz2
ORBit-0.5.17.tbz2
ORBit2-2.8.3.tbz2
pango-1.2.5-r1.tbz2
parted-1.6.6.tbz2
partimage-0.6.2.tbz2
pciutils-2.1.11.tbz2
pcl-cvs-1.64.tbz2
pkgconfig-0.15.0.tbz2
PlRPC-0.2016-r1.tbz2
portmap-5b-r8.tbz2
prog-modes-1.72.tbz2
progsreiserfs-0.3.0.4.tbz2
psutils-1.17.tbz2
pygtk-2.0.0.tbz2
pyxml-0.8.2.tbz2
qt-3.3.0-r1.tbz2
rdate-990821-r1.tbz2
rmail-1.13.tbz2
rpm2targz-9.0-r2.tbz2
ruby-1.8.0-r1.tbz2
samba-2.2.8a.tbz2
scrollkeeper-0.3.14.tbz2
sgml-common-0.6.3-r3.tbz2
SGMLSpm-1.03-r4.tbz2
shared-mime-info-0.12.tbz2
sh-script-1.17.tbz2
slang-1.4.9.tbz2
speedbar-1.26.tbz2
ssmtp-2.48.tbz2
startup-notification-0.5.tbz2
Storable-2.07-r1.tbz2
sylpheed-0.9.4.tbz2
t1lib-5.0.0-r2.tbz2
taglib-1.0.tbz2
tcl-8.3.4.tbz2
tcpdump-3.7.2.tbz2
tcsh-6.12-r3.tbz2
tetex-2.0.2-r3.tbz2
tiff-3.5.7-r1.tbz2
tk-8.3.4-r1.tbz2
tm-1.35.tbz2
tsocks-1.8_beta4.tbz2
ttmkfdir-3.0.9.tbz2
unzip-5.50-r2.tbz2
vc-1.35.tbz2
vim-6.2-r5.tbz2
vim-core-6.2-r5.tbz2
vm-7.07.tbz2
vorbis-tools-1.0-r2.tbz2
vte-0.11.10.tbz2
w3-1.28.tbz2
whois-4.6.6-r2.tbz2
win32codecs-0.90.1-r2.tbz2
wv-1.0.0.tbz2
xanim-2.80.1-r4.tbz2
xcdroast-0.98_alpha15-r3.tbz2
xchat-2.0.6-r1.tbz2
xemacs-21.4.12.tbz2
xemacs-base-1.75.tbz2
xemacs-devel-1.50.tbz2
xemacs-ispell-1.24.tbz2
xfce4-4.0.1.tbz2
xfce4-base-4.0.1.tbz2
xfce4-battery-0.2.0.tbz2
xfce4-iconbox-4.0.1.tbz2
xfce4-minicmd-0.2.0.tbz2
xfce4-mixer-4.0.1.tbz2
xfce4-netload-0.2.2.tbz2
xfce4-panel-4.0.1.tbz2
xfce4-showdesktop-0.2.0.tbz2
xfce4-systemload-0.3.2.tbz2
xfce4-systray-4.0.1.tbz2
xfce4-themes-4.0.0.tbz2
xfce4-toys-4.0.1.tbz2
xfce4-trigger-launcher-4.0.1.tbz2
xfce-mcs-manager-4.0.1.tbz2
xfce-mcs-plugins-4.0.1.tbz2
xfce-utils-4.0.1.tbz2
xfdesktop-4.0.1.tbz2
xffm-4.0.1.tbz2
xffm-icons-4.0.0.tbz2
xfprint-4.0.1.tbz2
xfree-4.3.0-r5.tbz2
xfwm4-4.0.1.tbz2
xfwm4-themes-4.0.0.tbz2
xine-lib-1_rc2.tbz2
xloadimage-4.1-r1.tbz2
XML-Parser-2.31-r1.tbz2
xmms-1.2.8-r4.tbz2
xpdf-2.03.tbz2
xvid-0.9.1.tbz2
yacc-1.9.1-r1.tbz2
yelp-2.4.2.tbz2
zenity-1.8.tbz2
zip-2.3-r2.tbz2

Instalacija paketov:

cd /usr/portage/packages/All
for i in `cat /root/moji_instalirani_paketi.txt`
do
emerge --usepkg $i 1>/home/emerge-$i.log 2>&1
done

env-update && source /etc/profile

Dodatna orodja (ne na CD-ROM 1 ali 2)

emerge ntp 1>/home/emerge-ntpd.log 2>&1

Editiraj /etc/ntp.conf, /etc/conf.d/ntpd

rc-update add ntpd default

emerge telnet-bsd 1>emerge-telnet 2>&1
emerge bind 1>emerge-bind.log 2>&1
emerge bind-tools 1>emerge-bind-tools.log 2>&1
emerge mailx 1>emerge-mailx.log 2>&1
emerge samba 1>emerge-samba.log 2>&1
emerge vacation 1>emerge-vacation.log 2>&1

Instaliraj X

Editiraj /X11/XF86Config !

Instaliraj XFontServer

Ce se odlocis za XFS (oziroma XFontServer ), sledi navodilom. Uporaba XFS je zelo priporocljiva, ker omogoci konfiguracijo fontov zelo poenostavi.

rc-update add xfs default
/etc/init.d/xfs start

Instalacija KDE or Gnome

Edit /etc/rc.conf
# KDE
DISPLAYMAEAGER="kdm"
XSESSION="kde-3.1.3"
# Gnome
DISPLAYMANAGER="gdm"
XSESSION="gnome"

Instaliraj KDE login manager

rc-update add xdm default

Popravis napake od modulov sporocil

mknod /dev/misc/rtc c 10 135
mknod /dev/rtc c 10 135

Uncomment some lines in /etc/modules.d/*, then execute
modules-update after editing

modules-update (Updates /etc/modules.conf)

Apache + SSL + PHP4

emerge apache mod_php 1>emerge-apache-mod_php.log 2>&1

Edit /etc/apache2/*.conf
Edit /etc/conf.d/apache2
APACHE2_OPTS="-D SSL -D PHP4"

Testiras PHP4a
vi /home/httpd/htdocs/test.php

http://localhost/test.php

Courier IMAP

emerge courier-imap 1>emerge-courier-imap.log 2>&1
rc-update add courier-imapd default

Omogoci SU (Switching to Superuser)

Dodaj User k Group wheel v /etc/group
wheel::10:root,zahn,gaechter,kse,dubuis,egli,zenger

Networking

Isces za potrebni Mrezni Modul
ls /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/net
Nalozis zeljeni modul z:
modprobe e1000

Dodas staticno pot v /etc/conf.d/local.start
route add -net 193.247.121.192/28 gw 192.168.138.1 eth0
route add -net 217.193.130.248/29 gw 192.168.138.5 eth0

Setup eth0 interface z IP in Gateway
ifconfig eth0 192.168.138.35 broadcast 192.168.138.255 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
route add default gw 192.168.138.1

Setup Host using DPCP in /etc/conf.d/net
iface_eth0="dhcp"

Disk labele

Enkrat ko si skreiral in s formatiral particijo, priredis e2label ukaz. To dovoli particijo /etc/fstab z uporabo labele namesto uporabe poti naprave.Ce so particije katere labele ne poznas natipkas tole:

/sbin/tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 | grep volume
Filesystem volume name: /boot

Label Particijo
/sbin/e2label /dev/sda1 /boot

Ko dolocis vsaki particiji labeli, dodaj particijo v /etc/fstab.
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2

Filesystem Naredis takole:

ext2: mke2fs /dev/sda3
ext3: mke2fs -j /dev/sda3
reiserfs: mkreiserfs /dev/sda3

Activiraj the Swap Partition:

mkswap /dev/sda2
swapon /dev/sda2

USE flags

Dovoli uporabniku kompletno kontrolo cez vse prednosti in podporo, ki so vgrajene v instalacijske aplikacije, ni ti treba instalirati stvari, ki jih ne rabis. In kako Gentoo doseze to? Z definiranjem USE lastnosti. Nujno te nastavitve so besede, ki definirajo opcije na sistemsko-sirokem osnovnem konfiguracijskem aplikacijami pri kompajlanju procedur.

Lastnosti, ki so na voljo globalno z uporabo USE-flags ki se najdejo v /usr/portage/profiles/use.desc

Doloci trajne USE-flags

Defaults in: /etc/make.profile/make.defaults
Setting your own USE flags in: /etc/make.conf

Preveri trenutno USE Flags:

emerge info
USE="x86 oss apm avi crypt cups encode foomaticdb gif jpeg libg++ mad
mikmod mmx mpeg ncurses nls pdflib png quicktime" ...

Pogled uporabljenih USE-flags za dolocene Pakete

emerge --pretend --verbose apache
Calculating dependencies ...done!
[ebuild R ] net-www/apache-2.0.47 +berkdb +gdbm +ldap

Gentoo query paketno orodje (qpkg)

qpkg je del Gentoo's Gentoolkit administracijskih skriptov. qpkg dovoli da upravljas pakete instalirane na tvojem racunalniku.

Instalacija qpkg

emerge gentoolkit

Primeri

Pokazi mi vse instalirane pakete in njihove verzije:
qpkg -I -v

Pokazi mi kako odstranis pakete in njihove verzije:
qpkg -U -v

Pokazi mi instalacijo paketov, ki pripadajo kategoriji net-misc:
qpkg -I -v -g net-misc

Podaj mi informacije, ki se navezujejo na dolocene pakete:
qpkg -i snort

Prikazi mi vse pakete, ki pripadajo tej kategoriji net-misc, zapomni se da paketi oznaceni z "*" zavrnejo instalacijo instaliranih paketov:
qpkg -g net-misc

Pokazi vsebino vsakega paketa:
qpkg -l snort

Spomni me kateri paket netstat priprada, zapomni se, da to delo moras priskrbeti celo pot datoteki , katera te zanima z netstat.:
qpkg -f `which netstat`

Prikazi mi dvojne pakete na racunalniku in nekaj vec informacij:
qpkg -d -vv

Povej mi katere pakete zavisi mysql:
qpkg -q mysql

Preveri mysql in ne obotavljaj se in prikazi informacije:
qpkg -c -v mysqlpakete in njihove verzije:
qpkg -U -v

Okoljske spremenljivke

V /etc/env.d Direktorij

Da centriliziras definicije okoljskih spremenljivk, Gentoo je predstavil /etc/env.d direktorij. Znotraj tega direktorija bos nasel stevilo datotek kot 00basic, 05gcc, etc. ko vsebujejo potrebne spremenljivke potrebne aplikacijam, ki so bile imenovane.

env-update Skripta

Nekaj datotek v /etc/env.d definirajo PATH spremenljivkam. To je narobe: ko pozenes env-update, bodo dodane vecim definicijam pred obnovo okoljskim spremenljikom, pri tem bo lazje paketom (ali uporabnikom) dodas njihove svoje okoljske spremenljivke nastavitev brez vmesavanja z ze obstojecimi vrednostmi. env-update skript bo dodala vrednosti v abecednem redu v /etc/env.d datotek. Zato veliko stevilo datotek v /etc/env.d zacne s stevilom. Ko pozenes env-update, skripta bo naredila vse okoljske spremenljivke in jih zapisala v /etc/profile.env ( ki je uporabljen od /etc/profile ). Prav tako bo razpakirala informacije iz LDPATH spremenljivk in jih uporabila za kreiranje /etc/ld.so.conf. Po tem, bo pognala ldconfig da skreira /etc/ld.so.cache datoteko v dinamicnem linkanju. Ce zelis videti efekt na env-update takojsno po teku, naredi naslednji ukaz za obnovo tvojega okolja.

Posodabljanje okolja

env-update && source /etc/profile

Resevanje konfliktnih paketov

Predstavljaj si situacijo ko zelis emerge paket:

emerge xfree

Calculating dependencies ...done!

!!! Error: the x11-libs/xft package conflicts with another package.
!!! both can't be installed on the same system together.
!!! Please use 'emerge --pretend' to determine blockers.

Tukaj je problem: ne moremo zdruziti xfree ker je v konfliktu z xft (instaliranim) paketom. Poskusimo razresiti konflikt.

emerge -p xfree

These are the packages that I would merge, in order:

Calculating dependencies ...done!
[blocks B ] x11-libs/xft (from pkg x11-base/xfree-4.3.0-r3)
[ebuild N ] x11-base/xfree-4.3.0-r3
[ebuild U ] x11-libs/xft-2.0.1-r2 [2.0.1]

Kot vidis xft blokira xfree kot [blocks B ] tocko.

Iz emerge man strani:
will clobber each others files, or otherwise
cause some form of breakage in your system. However, blockers usually do not need
to be simultaneously emerged because they usua lly provide the same functionality.

Da resis konflikt nadaljuj naprej:

V /etc/env.d Direktorij

emerge unmerge xft

Ne sme biti blokiran paket...

emerge -p xfree

To so paketi, ki jih moram zdruziti merge, da jih:

Izracunaj odvisnosti ...narejeno!
[ebuild N ] x11-base/xfree-4.3.0-r3

Nato nadaljuj kot ponavadi ...

emerge xfr

Blokiranci so definirani ko dva paketa, ki se kregata vsak z vsakim in drugimi datotekami, ali drugace ki naredijo samo form zlomov v sistemu. Vendar, blokiranci ponavadi ne potrebujejo simultano zdruzeni ker ponavadi priskrbujejo samo funkcionalnost.
Da resis konflikt nadaljuj naprej:

V /etc/env.d Direktorij

emerge unmerge xft

Ne sme biti blokiran paket...

emerge -p xfree

To so paketi, ki jih moram zdruziti, merge, da jih:

Izracunaj odvisnosti ...narejeno!
[ebuild N ] x11-base/xfree-4.3.0-r3

Nato nadaljuj kot ponavadi ...

emerge xfr

Imejte obilo zabave !!!

Vec informacij dobite na http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/gentoo-x86 ... nstall.xml

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